... or at least I do start with the earliest memories, from some incident that is still vivid in my mind and that dates back to World War II, since I was born in that period. But before you can do it seems to me necessary to explain to those born after me what fascism was and what led to the civilian population THAT 'ideology, becoming gradually led Italy to disaster.
The origins of fascism.
The word "fascism" comes from the bundle of rods that were worn in ancient Rome by special people called "Littorio" (Hence the name "fasces").
The fasces were the personal bodyguards of the judge, and represented the power that they had to kill the king.
Among the wands of the fascia, or sideways, there was inserted an ax, but in the Republican era was removed when it was in the city.
After the defeat of Kobarid, the term beam began to be linked to the need of national unity above the interests of the parties.
as such, but accompanied by revolutionary demands,
For young World War I was an adventure, an experience with the glorification of heroism and courage, but moral disaster came when it was discovered that a new war, long, wear and tear. So they accused
Parliament and the parties to undo with empty arguments that fighters who conquered with blood.
These allegations, though unsubstantiated, prepared the ground for future seeds of the movement veterans;
namely: bold political future, fiumanesimo, fascism.
movements of participation in the war veterans made the original, legitimate, their right to power and leadership of the country renewed.
They had, in fact, save the country from the enemy within, as they had saved from the outside, and renew, through various purposes:
moral purification, combating illiteracy, justice for all, recognition of women's rights, institution of divorce, reform of the costume.
The movement introduced only this, in some groups of minority, from which arose the first fascist ruling class, was the premise of subversive ideology, who wanted the destruction of liberal institutions and the exaltation of role played by the warrior aristocracy, particularly the bold.
The latter, who refused to take a place in the "system" once the war ended, they were regarded with suspicion or courted, especially by the extremist parties, which trying to grab for itself the capital of energy ed'individui ready for anything, unscrupulous and effective fighters. During the war, had enjoyed the bold, in consideration of the risk, special privileges, without having to endure the stressful life in the trenches.
They then had experienced the war only as a show of their individual heroism, performed at the limit of death. derivative had a taste for the reckless, a familiarity with death itself, which became almost a desire to seem so brave and superior to the common ground, to love the death and take it as a symbol of their value. The bold
were convinced that it has acquired values \u200b\u200band qualities that make them superior to the masses.
formations rose so bold, elite forces for the actions most dangerous, with symbols that reflect their character and their exalted psychology symbols "strange" in which he always returned to the color, the image, the idea of \u200b\u200bdeath (banners blacks, skull with a dagger between his teeth). The bold
were certainly among the first to distinguish between active fighter, aristocratic and mass participation, passive and unconscious.
The instinctive neutrality of the masses was an indisputable fact, common to both the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, but due to a more natural feeling to avoid the worst, that a steadfast commitment to anti-war theories. The most interesting aspect of their "ideology" was the exaltation of youth and action, ideology effective in attracting young people, especially those who had fought in the war.
contact with the Futurists and fascists, the bold aspired to formulate their doctrine on the basis of the experience of war, giving rise to a challenge to bourgeois society, addressed mainly to his mentality, rather than to its foundations. On the political
demanded the annexation of the Italian lands and lands necessary to the greatness of the nation, election reform, the Constituent Assembly, the representative of the combatants, the review of contracts for war profiteers of the indictment and, finally, the 'expropriation of capital and new labor laws.
activism, nationalism (exaltation of the nation state, considered as an institution essential to the realization of the aspirations of social, economic and cultural needs of a people) and youth are dell'arditismo characters that fascism was his. The bold
provide the strength of the nascent Fascism active cadres, armed, experts in rapid action, ready to violence and physical confrontation, little or no respect for others' ideas.
addition, the method of struggle was the audacity of fascism, which took the symbols and the style (the black shirt). Inside
extremism fighters, the only group that had an ideology, which drew bold and fascists, was futuristic.
Born in 1909 as an artistic movement, Futurism was the first avant-garde of the twentieth century, for his polemic against the roots of (no classical school, no monumental cities) and traditional culture, investing the whole world of values, habits, institutions linked to that of culture itself (Filippo Tommaso Marinetti).
the center of ideology, there was the futuristic concept of life as a movement towards the future and the absolute freedom of the individual as the fundamental value, so this ideology did not admit nor laws, nor religion, nor tradition.
For the future Parliament of solidarity and equality, in an absolute sense, language was traditionalist.
The daily struggle, the aggressiveness of the strong towards the weak, were considered valid standards for individuals and for both people, because they were necessary to eliminate the decadent, weak and corrupt.
From this premise of social Darwinism, the futurists denied the solidarity between human beings and between peoples, and extolled the virtues of youth, courage, love of risk and adventure, which were used just to select men new from the old inert mass.
The violence was accepted, being seen as a manifestation of the exuberance of youth and dell'insofferenza for the common words and compromise.
The future, therefore, greeted with warm approval the decision of Mussolini founded the Fasci di fight and were the first leaders and organizers.
The official date of birth of Fascism is commonly made to coincide with this foundation (March 23, 1919).
Mussolini, however, wanted to create a movement rather than a party, the latter, in fact, was only created 7 November 1921. The attempt to theorize
fascism was addressed in June 1932 with the publication of the fourteenth volume containing the voice of the Italian Fascist Benito Mussolini signed.
The paper was divided into two distinct parts: the main ideas and the political and social doctrine;
the first, a theoretical and doctrinal, it was written, in fact, by Giovanni Gentile (1875 - 1944),
the second, more "political" in the strict sense, of Mussolini.
points that the philosopher developed in his paper are:
the coincidence of thought and practice, the anti-liberal polemics and differentiation from the nationalists. In combination
thought and action saw the Sicilian philosopher, in fact, the most clear and resolute stance against the Italian tradition, originally precisely Renaissance, which aimed to separate the thinker from the problems of society, namely policy . In his text examines
Gentile "who What's "fascism and political ideas which it opposes.
Fascism is practice, as it is inserted in a specific historical moment, but it is also thought since contains an ideal that rises to the formula of truth.
It 's a spiritualistic conception, but is skeptical or agnostic, nor pessimistic, nor passively optimistic, as they are, in general, the doctrines that place the center of life outside the 'man.
Fascism wants an individual focus, which views life as a struggle and that only he can understand that who wants to win there.
This is given great importance to culture in all its forms (art, religion, science) and education.
It is also a religious conception in which man is seen in relationship with a Higher Will and objective that raises him as member aware of a spiritual society.
is also a conception of history, where humans "exist" only in relation to society, family, nation and history.
For this reason is given great weight to the traditions, customs, the memories and decency, contrary to the professed political future.
antiindividualistica has a conception of the state, and it is against socialism because there are no individuals or parties outside the State.
At the same time, however, is fascism against democracy, that "indications as many people to a lower level of the most" (follows the social Darwinism of the Futurists).
For Gentile, Mussolini and therefore, is not the country to generate the state, but the opposite, because it gives the people aware of their moral unity, a will and a real existence.
The State covers all individuals, with its inspiring principles of the personality of each, which is why fascism is an educator and promoter of spiritual life, wanting to remake the man himself, his character and his faith.
His teaching is therefore the fasces, a symbol of unity, strength and justice.
----------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------
Here is the definition of fascism, given by one who was the creator and chief, Benito Mussolini
"Fascism is a great mobilization of material and moral forces. That What is proposed?
I say this without false modesty: to govern the nation.
With what program? With the program needed to ensure the moral and material grandeur of the Italian people.
speak bluntly
does not matter if our positive agenda, is not antithetical and is quite convergent with that of the Socialists, for everything related to the reorganization of technical, administrative and policy of our country. We shook
of moral values \u200b\u200band traditional socialism neglects or despises, but especially the fascist spirit shrinks from all that is arbitrary mortgage on the mysterious future. "
(Benito Mussolini, August 19, 1921 - Diary of the Will)
---------------- --------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------
-------
THIS 'IS REQUIRED TO FASCISM, in broad terms, is inspired, AND, AS ALWAYS, WHEN A' IDEOLOGY IS PROPOSED AS A WITNESS THAT must involve and affect all aspects of civic life of a nation, ENDS, SOONER OR LATER TO PRODUCE RESULTS THAT PROVES ALL COMPLETELY deleterious.
IO, VERY SMALL, BUT FROM THE COMMON SENSE OF MY HOME-EX, which I always tend to think that EVERYONE U.S. must beware, in the main, 'WHETHER AND TO HIS FAMILY, BUT NEVER TOO being influenced by others' ideas, I feel the need' A stress once again a concept that expresses very well one of my strong conviction:
"Any philosophical theses that may appear in VALID FOR DEPARTURE, when brought to its extreme logical conclusion, ends up as a something completely absurd, and their unconditional and uncritical THAT ARGUMENT CAN 'LEAD TO A WHOLE PEOPLE TRAGEDY. "
phrases, concepts, ideas, if constantly repeated obsessively, Convinces MASSES AND CONDITIONS, which end up considered absolutely TRUE and incontrovertible.
shameless and MASSIVE PROPAGANDA IS OFTEN USED TO BENEFIT FROM HEAD Spregiudicate is smart, to get people to act in a certain way.
AND 'THIS THING THAT WE CAN MAKE EVERY DAY: THE MODE
, CONDUCT, AND THE MANNER OF SPEAKING PORGE is spread and propagated IMITATION AND DESIRE TO BE LIKE THE OTHERS.
IF THEN SOME FIXED HEAD and fierce, I can also Delete any disagreement of the few who still think for themselves, MAY 'happen that a whole nation, PRIVATE ELEMENT OF ANY JUDGEMENT autonomous and independent, he could not 'SEE THE RISKS TO WHICH THIS KIND OF WASHING THE BRAIN CAN' LEAD,
..... Unknowingly STARTS AT SLAUGHTER, DEATH AND THE SAME WITH THE SAME UNCONSCIOUSNESS of a herd of oxen or a flock of sheep that can never liberate themselves from their habit of ATAV IMITATION AND FOLLOW THEM LIKE ...
It 'sad but it' SO 'AND, PERHAPS, YOU SHOULD REVIEW!
But I never wanted to be conditioned to react instinctively and I always try my way.
That's why, after this sudden "BACKGROUND TO" in philosophy and politics, I prefer now to take care of rievozione of my modest, personal, and irrelevant ...... past childhood.
prefer to draw pictures of my first year of life when with the help of a rubber bowl, my mother made me have fun taking it on the beautiful and warm beaches of Pescara, not yet shattered by war weapons and bombs that they little that would make it impractical wonderful place.
Pan, one of the first time, was then filled with sea water that was beginning to warm up the sun and allowed me, a child less than two years to get a good bath and play.
I remember very well: it was oval, natural rubber, not colored, it bag:
was necessary to dig a deep hole and then be able to fill, otherwise the walls will not stand.
was very simple and spartan: he had much in common with all those inflatables that now lie on the shore of our beaches during the summer .....
Today there is a plethora of colorful monsters in different shapes: a junk to be bought for a few euro, and should look like fantastic animals, ducks, dolphins and some more it has more 'and so forth.
was just a bowl of gray-green rubber, reinforced with the stick, but it meant a lot to me. It made me feel important and happy.
was the best moment of my day from Pescara.
The sea has always been the place I most loved.
As a girl I have always been considered a species of fish on the water all morning and came back on the beach after hours hours. I often went out and I wiped the water only when it was time to go home for lunch.
OTHERWISE, EVEN IF I HAVE ALWAYS HAD A KIND OF HISTORY dislike and, in my student life, I have made MANY TIMES REFERS TO SEPTEMBER ..... I CAN NOT TELL MY PRIVATE EVENTS, IF YOU DO NOT START WITH THE specific reference to the time when I was born and, therefore, to fascism.
------ ------------------ --------------
----------- -------- ----------------
--------
Fascism "absolute evil", as stated by Gianfranco Fini,
or ill relative, as argued by a few days ago its confusing student
Mayor Gianni Alemanno of Rome? Let's see then the major faults
products from fascism, in facts and figures.
The suppression of the rights and freedoms
Party from a distance with the tyranny of the fascist gangs which sow death and terror , with the "night of fire" in Florence, with the column
Brandimarte in Turin , with the burning of large Ravenna cooperative
prelude to the March on Rome.
Dozens dead, hundreds injured
, destruction of houses of work and parties. Mussolini knows
choose who hit: a parish priest, Don Giovanni Minzoni, Argenta,
beaten to death in 1923, the Socialist Giacomo Matteotti, the most tenacious and
popular among parliamentary leaders,
kidnapped and killed in June 1924, the liberal Giovanni Amendola, a former minister, savagely beaten
in Montecatini, who died in 1926, as Piero Gobetti, the youngest and
between the original opponents, who died in Paris after
violent beatings, the young communist leader Gastone Sozzi, tortured
and "suicide" in prison in Perugia in 1928, the Liberal
Carlo Rosselli, who promoted the participation in the English Civil War ("Today
in Spain, tomorrow in Italy"), who was assassinated in France along with his brother in
In 1937, Antonio Gramsci strongly condemned and made to rot in prison until his death
, clinic in 1937.
With the special laws of 1926 are dismissed at
Members of the opposition, abolished freedom of the press (the union of journalists,
resisting, the authority is dissolved), suppressed opposition newspapers, the loose
parties, established the Special Tribunal and the confinement of
Police restored the death penalty.
Elections abolished
Mussolini into power, aided by the king, with the coup of the March on Rome in October
`22 (the year before has collected few votes).
Then you cut to measure a major electoral law.
with whom you vote in 1924, a semblance of democracy. Matteotti, denouncing, very hard to
Room violence, intimidation and vote rigging, was eliminated after a few weeks
. It held two plebiscites on the grotesque regime,
in 1929 and 1934. Voting "no" on a transparent means to be beaten out of
seat.
In 1929, 135,773 have voted so.
Then the card is only the National Fascist Party, without which you can not work, in public offices, in school, but a little 'anywhere.
It requires academics to the oath of loyalty to the regime: in twelve
not swear, some have already lost or will lose the chair for
anti-fascism (Salvemini, Lionello Venturi, Borgese), still others for conspiring
mask.
Special Tribunal Established November 5, 1926, will last until July 25, 1943.
processes are thousands, some 4,600 prisoners (Of which 697 minors)
for over 28,000 years in prison total order imposed. Most of them
These workers and artisans, mostly communists. Young, on
thirty years on average. The thirty Umberto Terracini, who was sentenced in 1926
continuously in jail and will spend about 17 years in confinement,
being released after the fall of Mussolini in `43.
is
jew and twice expelled from the Communist Party for anti-Stalinism. Giancarlo Pajetta is tried and sentenced to 17 years hard
soon. Thirty-one executions.
Hundreds of anti-fascists must leave the country illegally.
One of the most important among the exiles, Filippo Turati, is Sandro Pertini
did escape, then in prison for a long time, and others (the car is driven
jew industrialist Adriano Olivetti).
Economic policy
are also suppressed the Freedom of Association and banned strikes. For all the decades
wage compression is constant. The index of
wages equal to 127 in 1921, before the advent of Mussolini,
touched a historic low in 1926 with 111.6.
To return to the level of 1921
to wait until 1949.
Fascism does not apply to the names &
equities, abolishes now the Committee on excess profits of
war, inheritance tax and the capital of banks and industries
, unlock the thick, etc..
Saved industrial
will be paid by the community. The Corporate State remains on paper.
Read racial
In 1938 the Italians to "Jewish race" are prohibited as
public offices, government schools, the same contact with the "Aryans", the pursuit of many activities
business, including licensing of a taxi
, entry into public libraries and so on. Then the Holocaust. The
citizens of Israel are not home many have never been in Italy. This time in many
die. The Roman community
deported more than 2,000 records, of whom only 16 returned alive. Entire families are destroyed
throughout Italy.
Between War and Resistance
Fascism wants entry into the war alongside Hitler, while knowing
the total unpreparedness of the army. Final result (in addition to
destroyed cities, infrastructure devastated territories): 330,000 soldiers killed or missing and 85,000
civilians died.
About 650,000 soldiers and 30,000 officers
Italians were interned in Germany (after the mass killings in Kefalonia
and Corfu) after September 8, `43. In almost all
refuse to join the Republic of Salò and suffer a hard
captivity, so that more than 41,400 of them die in the camps.
a page of history and patriotism extraordinary and little known.
the resistance has attracted some 300,000 Italians and Italian:
the women will be shot or hanged 2812, more than a thousand fall in clashes with Nazi
. In total the dead of the Resistance, in combat or
after the catch, there are over 44,000. As many soldiers
Liberation of the Body of fallen on the Allied side the Anglo-Franco-Americans. The massacres of citizens
helpless perpetrated by Nazi
there are over 400, about 15,000 victims, by Castellaneta in Bolzano, carried out by
Ss, as soldiers of the Wehrmacht retreat, often with the support of the military
Salò. Ben 695 buried in the files of the massacres "
closets of shame" (as he called them Giustolisi Franco) and just a dozen
processes. Rome mayor Alemanno does not consider fascism
the "absolute evil". Judge for yourself from this summary of extreme
bare facts, raw numbers.
- -------------------
19 February 1937. Following an attack Chapter puppet of Ethiopia, General Rodolfo Graziani, was unleashed a terrible repression that leads to the immediate execution of the Ethiopians found in possession of weapons.
The resistance will continue to fight against the Ethiopian invaders throughout the occupation period.
March 9.
All state employees are obliged to join the National Fascist Party.
April. They were arrested in Milan, Rodolfo Morandi, Sassu and other members of the united front against fascism.
April 19.
Relations between Italian and local populations in Africa are regulated by a law and marked by a rigid separation "defense of the race." The song is Black Veneer criticized because it may stimulate cross amorous deemed inappropriate because the scheme would undermine the racial purity of the Italian people. The tragedy mixed with farce.
April 27.
Antonio Gramsci died in Rome. Seriously ill with tuberculosis, was released in early April after having spent the last years of his life in hospital.
May 8.
is prohibited from selling English newspapers in Italy. So you want to suppress criticism of the unprecedented freedom exercised by journalists to the British regime.
May 27.
The Ministry of Press and Propaganda Ministry of Culture becomes popular (top ministry official).
All cultural events end under the heel of the regime.
June 9.
brothers Carlo and Nello Rosselli were killed in France in Bagnoles-sur-l'Orne (Normandy) by members of a so-called Comité secret d'action Révolutionnaire. The principals are to be found in the highest echelons of the Italian state, which has acted through the Military Intelligence Service (SIM).
is one of the vilest crimes made by the Italian government in its shameful history.
June 24. The IRI, set up to tackle the economic crisis, it assumes a permanent character. Only fools could think that the state relinquish control of the levers of economic power. It also established the Finsider (steel Finance Corporation) and Finmare (Finance Corporation for shipbuilding).
September 30.
state introduces a tax on ordinary assets of more than 10,000 pounds.
October 19.
The state establishes a special tax on the capital of limited companies will be extended, after a few days, to non-shareholders. Pressing against the productive apparatus, by the parasitic bureaucratic classes, continues and intensifies.
October 27.
is established the Italian youth of Littorio (GIL), para-military association that brings together children of the wolf, table, avant-garde, young fascists, young fascist Italian small, young Italian women, for a total of nearly 8 million members.
GIL, whose motto is "Believe, obey, fight", is placed directly under the secretary of the Fascist Party.
1 February 1938. The 'Roman step' in imitation of the 'goose step' German makes his appearance in a military parade in Rome.
scimmiottatura The National Socialist German cultural state proceeds in stages and with it the rapid progressive political subordination.
February.Fascism requires the use of "you" (instead of "you") in all organizations depend on the party.
Fascism also intervene repeatedly on behalf of the purity of the language (the so-called "clean language") by prohibiting the use of words from other languages \u200b\u200bor Italian words that refer to nations 'enemies' (such as Russian salad tricolore salad becomes , wrench becomes chiavemorsa).
April. The Council of Ministers approved a draft decree-law for the construction of the Rome Institute for the remediation and human orthogenesis.
is' the institutionalization by the state, racism and antisemitism.
June 1st.
The price freeze decided in 1936, is extended for another two years. The autonomy of the producers and the free exchange are virtually eliminated long ago.
June 2.
The handshake, a sign of unmanly behavior is prohibited in all workplaces state. Fascism is overflowing and the Italians are, as usual, obeyed.
July 14.
The Manifesto of racial scientists was published anonymously in the Journal of Italy. It is the work of a group of academics that will continue on July 25 after obtaining the approval of the scheme.
August.
The secretary of state in charge of the Pope (Bishop Mariano Rampolla) met in Switzerland with a delegation of the Communist Party. The Church is disengaging from the system.
August 3.
Is introduced racial laws against Jews. Minister Bottai prohibits the recognition of 'foreign Jews' in Italian schools.
August 5. A Diplomatic Note
Information states that the "Italian racism" has become "the spiritual heritage of our people, the fundamental basis of our state security element of our Empire."
August 6.
started its publications, the magazine "The defense of the race" in the Fascist Party recommends the dissemination of the federal secretaries. Circulation of the first number: 85 thousand copies, the second issue of 150 thousand copies.
September 1.The Council of Ministers resolution establishing the Ministry of Interior of the "Higher Council for Demography and Race."
It is forbidden to 'foreign Jews' to fix a permanent abode in the Kingdom, Libya and possessions in the Aegean. Those that we found from a date later than January 1, 1919 must leave. It revoked the granting of citizenship Italian-made 'foreign Jews' after January 1, 1919.
September 2.
On the proposal of the Minister Bottai, Jews are excluded from teaching in state schools and they are prohibited entry. The members of the Jewish race are excluded from the academies and institutes of science, literature and arts.
September 13.
First meeting of the Committee for the reclamation book established within the Ministry of Popular Culture (top ministry official) to provide a review of Italian and foreign book production "in relation to high school racial guidelines."
September 18.
In several speeches in Veneto, Mussolini repeatedly lashes out against the bourgeoisie, which remains far from the renewal advocated by him (which consists of militarism, racism and cultural subservience).
September 29. In Monaco of Bavaria, in the face of nationalist expansionism was German, French and British governments accepted the proposal of Mussolini, which provides the annexation of the Sudetenland in the German Reich and the division between the state and Hungarian Polish to other portions of the territory of Czechoslovakia.
September 30.
The representatives of the government in Prague, who were not admitted to the meeting in Monaco, they are forced to sign the capitulation which enshrines the dismemberment of the country. It is a shameful page, a shame they are responsible for the major European states. The combination of nationalism and imperialism criminal prevailed.
In their supine idiocy Italians, to the passage of the train shows that Mussolini in Italy, are celebrating their leader as a champion of peace.
October 25.
front of the National Council of the party, Mussolini makes a violent speech against the bourgeoisie talking about "half million bourgeois cowards who still lurk in the country. "
October 29. is inaugurated in Rome on center political preparation, to shape the new Fascist ruling class, the future masters to command the Italian people.
November 10 .
are launched more anti-Semitic decrees. are prohibited marriages of Italians to "Aryan race" (sic) with people of another race. The Jews do not have access to elective office and are subject to limitations in the exercise of economic activities.
An exception is the Jews worthy of fascism.
November 30.
Members of the House staged a rally to the cry of "Tunis, Corsica, Nice and Savoy "putting on the agenda claims to those territories. These are the representatives of the Italian people, that is the furthest point of cretinism nationalistic.
December 10.
Enrico Fermi received the Nobel Prize for physics and from Stockholm part directly to the United States. Italy is certainly not a livable place for a brain like his.
Enrico Fermi (Rome, September 29, 1901 - Chicago, November 29, 1954) was a Italian-born American physicist of the twentieth century, the most famous in the world, primarily for his theoretical and experimental studies in quantum mechanics.-----
They are famous, among other things, his theory of β decay, the Fermi-Dirac quantum statistics, the results concerning the nuclear interactions.
In his honor, was given the name to an element of the periodic table, the lock (symbol Fm), and a unit of measurement, the Fermi (fm symbol).
Enrico Fermi also designed and led the construction of the first nuclear fission reactor, which produced the first controlled nuclear chain reaction. It was also one of the technical directors of the Manhattan Project, which led to the creation of the atomic bomb.
It was also the first to become interested in the potential of numerical simulations in science, as well as the initiator a fertile school of physicists, both in Italy and the United States of America.
Among the many awards received by Enrico Fermi, there is also the Nobel Prize in physics for his identification of new elements of the radioactivity and the discovery of nuclear reactions with slow neutrons. The volcanic activity
Fermi occurred in many fields of physics, and he is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all time.
--------------- ------------------- ----------
December 17.
The Italian government has denounced the agreements with the French government in January 1935 in order to have a free hand in its territorial claims.
December 21.
A new law on employment states that the State shall arrange for the unemployed. We were at the height of the father, sir, almighty.
------------------------ ------------------
--- ------------------- -------------------
Concluding - -----------
Benito Mussolini and his first companions were known to Romagna, but fascism as an organized movement was born in Milan, is widespread in the countryside of the Po valley, then conquered the city of north, finally came to south. This dynamic is known, whereas they are less highlights the internal diversity.
Fascism Republican Romagna had a soul (Balbo in the first place), which ranged from the legacies of socialism, or even anarchy, and those of nationalism, well represented by Farinacci. Fascism in Milan but was most marked characteristics of intellectuals and veterans, who longed to "modernize" Italy, combining social issues, technocracy, nationalism.
decidedly pro-monarchist and clerical fascism Piedmont, with many soldiers in its ranks, but singularly enough anti-capitalist.
A special case Fascism, however, was Venetian, very important, but very little studied. Volpi di Misurata and his friends were Masons, and environmental problems, high finance, and represented a popular movement theory, with a soul at the end of anti-bourgeois and anti-modern, purely liberal ideas (and elitist), liberal and, as usually happens in these cases, strongly Anglophile.
Tuscan Fascism was perhaps the most combative and hard, so that one of the major leaders of the RSI were many Toscani, to the point that the Republic of Salò was ironically dubbed "the Grand Duchy of Tuscany."
It was a warrior with fascism and revolutionary, hostile to socialism to liberalism, es'ispirava a totalitarian rather than authoritarian models.
addition, many of the leading intellectual exponents of fascism were Toscani.
Fascism Roman had two souls. The first was that of the 'black aristocracy "of Rome, not black for the accession to fascism, but for centuries by clerical and ultra-Catholic.
It was indeed a nationalist, as the unification of Italy reached with the breach of Porta Pia, and absolutely not in favor of modernity in any of its aspects. His ideology was that
dell'ultramontanismo Catholic, and had the Pope, and not in the King Duce or his point reference.
had its epicenter in Rome then the nature of conservatism "pagan" (Evola and his staff and friends), very small number, but of great cultural importance, even more reactionary than Catholic, but certainly very different, although points contact and mutual sympathy between the two groups is not missing.
Evola was indeed himself a member of the nobility romana.Infine, South fascism was indeed built to last by the membership classes of the old liberals of the South to the new fascist ideology, not so much conviction, and for interest. Most of these local notables horse then changed again, becoming demo-Christians.
reiterate that you should not talk of "fascism" but of "fascism" in the plural, of which that of Salo was only the last, and not very representative event.
Posted by Marco De Turris
